A novel bacillus-shaped CoNi ZIF-MXene@MWCNT carbon cloth electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of salidroside

Abstract

A meticulously engineered bacillus-shaped CoNi ZIF-MXene@MWCNT carbon cloth (CC) composite was synthesized through a one-step immersion method, which was employed in the development of a novel electrochemical (EC) sensor for the sensitive detection of salidroside (SAL) in Rhodiola. Characterization of the CoNi ZIF-MXene@MWCNT CC was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and EC methods. The bacillus-shaped composite showcased an exceptionally high rate of active site exposure, superior conductivity, and electrocatalytic efficiency, attributed to the synergistic effects of the constituent materials. The remarkable electrocatalytic capability facilitated the redox reaction of SAL, marked by a significant enhancement in the current signal. This led to a concentration-dependent response enabling the quantitative detection of SAL. The mechanism of the redox reaction might be the oxidation of the phenolic hydroxyl group of SAL. Demonstrating high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, this novel bacillus-shaped composite-based EC sensor achieved a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.0958 µ g/mL for SAL, within an effective linear range of 0.5–500 µg/mL. Importantly, the EC sensor proved to be adept at practical detection of SAL in Rhodiola samples with complex matrices, and the salidroside content of Rhodiola crenulata was much higher than that of Rhodiola rosea, indicating that Rhodiola crenulata may have a higher medicinal value, offering a promising avenue for rapid and sensitive detection of SAL.