A novel authentication and key agreement scheme for Internet of Vehicles

Abstract

With the proposal of the intelligent transportation system, vehicular ad-hoc networks have been widely concerned and well-developed. Vehicular ad-hoc network is recognized as a major innovation of the Internet of Things technology. It can collect and analyze traffic data uploaded by vehicles through the network, monitor vehicle state in real-time, provide better driving routes and real-time traffic decisions for vehicles, and improve vehicles’ overall level of intelligent driving. To make vehicles quickly join the vehicular ad-hoc networks through the authentication of identity legitimacy, take into account security and efficiency, and further reduce the calculation and communication consumption in authentication, this paper designs a mutual anonymous authentication and key agreement scheme based on an elliptic curve for the vehicular ad-hoc networks. To complete vehicle authentication and session key establishment, we work with lightweight operations like hash, XOR, and connection in conjunction with the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem to guarantee the confidentiality of communication data. In the scheme, identity authentication is divided into two types: initial authentication and subsequent authentication. When the vehicle is just on the road, it will use the first roadside unit it encounters for initial authentication. All roadside units that cars on the road come across are then authenticated after the accomplishment of the initial authentication with the first roadside unit. Subsequent authentication is lighter and less computationally complex than initial authentication. Of course, subsequent authentication is based on initial authentication. This paper also analyzes the scheme’s security and uses BAN logic analysis and Proverif simulation to verify the scheme’s security. Additionally, performance analysis is used to demonstrate the scheme’s superiority.