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Abstract
In this paper, the interdiffusivities in fcc Co–Ni alloys at 1373 K due to different types of diffusion couple experiments were firstly re-calculated via the unified Wagner method based on the measured composition profiles. Their maximum difference due to different approaches for diffusion couple preparation was found to be larger than one order of magnitude. Then, a comprehensive analysis on the effect of different preparation methods was performed. After that, a two-step diffusion couple technique in combination with the pragmatic numerical inverse method was proposed to determine the accurate interdiffusivities by eliminating the effect of external stress. Such a novel approach was successfully applied in the binary fcc Co–Ni alloys for demonstration purposes. Moreover, it is anticipated that such novel approach can be utilized as the standard method for accurate interdiffusivity measurement, and the resultant accurate interdiffusivities in different alloys may serve as a benchmark for the later experimental and theoretical studies.
Highlights
IntroductionDiffusion is an omnipresent but important phenomenon in various disciplines and applications in physical [1], chemical [2,3,4,5], biological [6], geologic [7], materials science and engineering processes [8,9].Dr Fick, a renowned physiologist of the 19th century, developed the mathematical framework to describe the phenomenon of diffusion, which subsequently became known as Fick’s laws [10].Fick’s laws improve and quantify our understanding of diffusion-related phenomena and serve as an important theoretical basis for phase transition modeling and simulations [11,12]
In order to obtain quantitative descriptions of diffusion kinetics using Fick’s laws, one of the most important aspects is the input of reliable interdiffusivities, which are usually pressure, temperature- and composition-dependent quantities [13,14,15]
One diffusion couple was assembled by using a special Mo jig while three other diffusion couples were prepared by a self-assembly vacuum hot-pressing apparatus with different stresses (i.e., 5600 Pa, 10 and 20 MPa)
Summary
Diffusion is an omnipresent but important phenomenon in various disciplines and applications in physical [1], chemical [2,3,4,5], biological [6], geologic [7], materials science and engineering processes [8,9].Dr Fick, a renowned physiologist of the 19th century, developed the mathematical framework to describe the phenomenon of diffusion, which subsequently became known as Fick’s laws [10].Fick’s laws improve and quantify our understanding of diffusion-related phenomena and serve as an important theoretical basis for phase transition modeling and simulations [11,12]. Dr Fick, a renowned physiologist of the 19th century, developed the mathematical framework to describe the phenomenon of diffusion, which subsequently became known as Fick’s laws [10]. Literature surveys [20,21,22,23] indicate that most of the related publications available in the literature focus on the measurement of interdiffusivities in a single phase of the binary or ternary alloys with the aid of several reliable calculation methods (i.e., the Boltzmann-Matano method for binary systems [24], or the newly developed pragmatic numerical inverse method for binary, ternary and multicomponent systems [25,26]) together with the scientific error propagation method [27,28]
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