A novel approach for urban electric vehicle charging facility planning considering combination of slow and fast charging

Abstract

The optimal planning of urban electric vehicle (EV) charging facilities gains many attentions as the rapid development of the EV industry. Slow or regular charging with charging piles and fast charging in charging stations will be the two main patterns for recharging EVs. This paper predicts the amount of EVs at different penetration rates according to the vehicle population in a city and forecasts the overall charging demand based on average daily mileage and energy consumption. Then the charging demand is divided into three types, slow, regular and urgent demands. Slow and regular charging demands are met by charging piles in corresponding areas. Fast charging stations are planned according to the distribution of charging demand and the structure of road network. For the planning of fast charging stations, firstly the non-living primary and secondary roads with large amount of traffic are extracted from the urban road network as candidate places for building fast charging stations. Secondly, the charging demand will be assigned to each road segment according to the traffic situation and road length, and the candidate stations will be chosen along the roads. Then P-center location and allocation model is established to minimize the total investment and charging cost, which is solved to get the optimal site and size of fast charging stations. Taking urban area within the 5th ring road in Beijing as an example, this paper gives the slow, regular and urgent demand using the proposed method. Then the number of slow and regular charging piles are calculated and mathematical optimization model is solved to get the layout of fast charging stations.