Abstract
Lead is one of the fundamentally risky metal ions existing in wastewater. A laboratory batch technique carried out to study the impact of initial concentration, pH, temperature, a dose of adsorbent and contact time on the elimination of lead ions onto oil shell sedimentary rock as natural clay. Two natural inorganic composites Kaolinite/Smectite-A and Kaolinite/Smectite-B have been used. The lead removal enlarged with rising initial metal solution concentration, contact time and pH. The elimination reaction speed was high at the initial period of contact time and then decreased to attain equilibrium at 45, 30 min for Kaolinite/Smectite-A and Kaolinite/Smectite-B adsorbents, respectively. Mutually, Langmuir and Freundlich’s isotherms are applicable to describe the metals adsorption and thermodynamic parameters ΔG; ΔS and ΔH were calculated indicating that the adsorption process is physisorption, spur-of-the-moment and endothermic.
Highlights
Environmental pollution became one of the common important subjects that attract the attention of many scientists at the present time (Fathy et al 2016a)
When different types of pollutants in domestic sewage, industrial effluents, sludge and other solid wastes are dumped on the earth surface, the soil particles including Kaolinite and smectite minerals can interact with the pollutants
The results indicated that Pb2+ adsorption increases with increasing contact time Fig. 13
Summary
Environmental pollution became one of the common important subjects that attract the attention of many scientists at the present time (Fathy et al 2016a). The discharge of great amounts of unsafe metals into the natural environment has caused a number of environmental troubles and due to their non-biodegradability and persistence, can collect in the environmental elements such as food chain, and may cause a major risk to human health. When different types of pollutants in domestic sewage, industrial effluents, sludge and other solid wastes are dumped on the earth surface, the soil particles including Kaolinite and smectite minerals can interact with the pollutants. The Kaolinite and smectite minerals in soil may play a role in scavenging pollutants from the environment. Kaolinite and smectite mineral can be a potential adsorbent owing to its low cost, rich natural abundance, and high mechanical and chemical stability. Kaolinite and smectite mineral should exhibit significant potential for use in the adsorption and separation of heavy metals.
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