Abstract
Inefficient and non-environmentally friendly absorbent production can lead to much resource waste and go against low carbon and sustainable development. A novel and efficient Mg-Fe-Ce (MFC) complex metal oxide absorbent of fluoride ion (F−) removal was proposed for safe, environmentally friendly, and sustainable drinking water management. A series of optimization and preparation processes for the adsorbent and batch experiments (e.g., effects of solution pH, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, effects of coexisting anions, as well as surface properties tests) were carried out to analyze the characteristics of the adsorbent. The results indicated that optimum removal of F− occurred in a pH range of 4–5.5, and higher adsorption performances also happened under neutral pH conditions. The kinetic data under 10 and 50 mg·g−1 were found to be suitable for the pseudo-second-order adsorption rate model, and the two-site Langmuir model was ideal for adsorption isotherm data as compared to the one-site Langmuir model. According to the two-site Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity calculated at pH 7.0 ± 0.2 was 204 mg·g−1. The adsorption of F− was not affected by the presence of sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), and chloride (Cl−), which was suitable for practical applications in drinking water with high F− concentration. The MFC adsorbent has an amorphous structure, and there was an exchange reaction between OH− and F−. The novel MFC adsorbent was proven to have higher efficiency, better economy, and environmental sustainability, and be more environmentally friendly.
Highlights
IntroductionDrinking water safety and sustainability, closely bound with people’s lives, have always attracted the most public attention among various the human health-related issues
Drinking water safety and sustainability, closely bound with people’s lives, have always attracted the most public attention among various the human health-related issues.Fluoride pollution is one of the most common challenges in drinking water safety, and excessive fluoride intake can affect the human body and lead to severe health problems, such as fluorosis and osteoporosis [1,2,3]
There are nearly 45 million people suffering the negative effects of high fluoride drinking water with fluoride ion (F− ) concentrations of more than 1.0 mg·L−1 in China, mainly distributed in the north, northwest, and east of China, with 80% in the northern areas of the Yangtze
Summary
Drinking water safety and sustainability, closely bound with people’s lives, have always attracted the most public attention among various the human health-related issues. Fluoride pollution is one of the most common challenges in drinking water safety, and excessive fluoride intake can affect the human body and lead to severe health problems, such as fluorosis and osteoporosis [1,2,3]. It was reported that about 200 million people in countries around the world are under the threat of the fluorosis [4]. There are nearly 45 million people suffering the negative effects of high fluoride drinking water with fluoride ion (F− ) concentrations of more than 1.0 mg·L−1 in China, mainly distributed in the north, northwest, and east of China, with 80% in the northern areas of the Yangtze. It is an urgency to search for an effective measure to remove fluoride for drinking water safety and sustainability and for the victory of a poverty alleviation plan. 4.0/).
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