Abstract
Desirable scaffolds for tissue engineering should be biodegradable carriers to supply suitable microenvironments mimicked the extracellular matrices for desired cellular interactions and to provide supports for the formation of new tissues. In this work, a kind of slightly soluble bioactive ceramic akermanite (AKT) powders were aboratively selected and introduced in the PLGA matrix, a novel l-lactide modified AKT/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (m-AKT/PLGA) composite scaffold was fabricated via a solvent casting-particulate leaching method improved by solvent self-proliferating process. The effects of m-AKT contents on properties of composite scaffolds and on MC3T3-E1 cellular behaviors in vitro have been primarily investigated. The fabricated scaffolds exhibited three-dimensional porous networks, in which homogenously distributed cavities in size of 300–400 μm were interconnected by some smaller holes in a size of 100–200 μm. Meanwhile, the mechanical structure of scaffolds was reinforced by the introduction of m-AKT. Moreover, alkaline ionic products released by m-AKT could neutralize the acidic degradation products of PLGA, and the apatite-mineralization ability of scaffolds could be largely improved. More valuably, significant promotions on adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 have been observed, which implied the calcium, magnesium and especially silidous ions released sustainably from composite scaffolds could regulate the behaviors of osteogenesis-related cells.
Highlights
To overcome the shortages of bone graft transplantation, tissue engineering has been considered as a feasible approach to repair and reconstruct the bone defects caused by wounds or bone diseases [1]
It could be observed that spectra of LLA and LLA/AKT displayed a characteristic carbonyl peak at 1764 cmÀ1, and modified AKT (m-AKT) spectra showed an absorption peak at 1736 cmÀ1 which might be attributable to the carbonyl group of the polyester originated from the polymerization of LLA on the surface of AKT powders [17]
These results indicated that m-AKT powders were successfully prepared without obvious structural diversification before and after modification
Summary
To overcome the shortages of bone graft transplantation, tissue engineering has been considered as a feasible approach to repair and reconstruct the bone defects caused by wounds or bone diseases [1]. As a momentous component of bone tissue engineering, scaffolds served as the temporary platform which provided a suitable space and microenvironment to allow cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, to deliver the biochemical factors, to enable diffusion of nutrients and metabolites, and to support new tissue formation. The desirable scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration should be osteoinductive and biodegradable, and the degradation products should have no adverse effects on seeded cells and neighboring tissues [5]. All these properties would be closely related to the processing methods and the matrix materials
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