Abstract
This work presents an active thermal management system (TMS) for building a safer module of lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) technology, in which 10 LiCs are connected in series. The proposed TMS is a forced air-cooled TMS (ACTMS) that uses four axial DC 12 V fans: two fans are responsible for blowing the air from the environment into the container while two other fans suck the air from the container to the environment. An experimental investigation is conducted to study the thermal behavior of the module, and numerical simulations are carried out to be validated against the experiments. The main aim of the model development is the optimization of the proposed design. Therefore, the ACTMS has been optimized by investigating the impact of inlet air velocity, inlet and outlet positions, module rotation by 90° towards the airflow direction, gap spacing between neighboring cells, and uneven gap spacing between neighboring cells. The 3D thermal model is accurate, so the validation error between the simulation and experimental results is less than 1%. It is proven that the ACTMS is an excellent solution to keep the temperature of the LiC module in the desired range by air inlet velocity of 3 m/s when all the fans are blowing the air from both sides, the outlet is designed on top of the module, the module is rotated, and uneven gap space between neighboring cells is set to 2 mm for the first distance between the cells (d1) and 3 mm for the second distance (d2).
Highlights
The electric vehicle (EV) market is overgrowing due to the possibility to reduce emissions by removing the dependence of the automotive sector on traditional energy sources [1]
The maximum temperature of the module under the natural convection (NC) case study without using any thermal management system (TMS) is around 70 ◦ C, which is harmful for the capacity degradation of lithium-ion capacitor (LiC) cells, the reasons for which are explained in detail in our previous published work [39]
The numerical analysis aids in optimizing the design and geometry of the system as well as the initial and using any TMS is around 70 °C, which is harmful for the capacity degradation of LiC cells, the reasons for which are explained in detail in our previous published work [39]
Summary
Danial Karimi 1,2, * , Hamidreza Behi 1,2 , Mohsen Akbarzadeh 1,2 , Joeri Van Mierlo 1,2. Research Group MOBI—Mobility, Logistics, and Automotive Technology Research Centre, Vrije Universiteit
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