Abstract
With the various applications of the Internet of Things, research into wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become increasingly important. However, because of their limited energy, the communication abilities of the wireless nodes distributed in the WSN are limited. The main task of WSNs is to collect more data from targets in an energy-efficient way, because the battery replacement of large amounts of nodes is a labor-consuming work. Although the life of WSNs can be prolonged through energy-harvesting (EH) technology, it is necessary to design an energy-efficient routing protocol for the energy harvesting-based wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) as the nodes would be unavailable in the energy harvesting phase. A certain number of unavailable nodes would cause a coverage hole, thereby affecting the WSN’s monitoring function of the target environment. In this paper, an adaptive hierarchical-clustering-based routing protocol for EH-WSNs (HCEH-UC) is proposed to achieve uninterrupted coverage of the target region through the distributed adjustment of the data transmission. Firstly, a hierarchical-clustering-based routing protocol is proposed to balance the energy consumption of nodes. Then, a distributed alternation of working modes is proposed to adaptively control the number of nodes in the energy-harvesting mode, which could lead to uninterrupted target coverage. The simulation experimental results verify that the proposed HCEH-UC protocol can prolong the maximal lifetime coverage of WSNs compared with the conventional routing protocol and achieve uninterrupted target coverage using energy-harvesting technology.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of several sensor nodes, which can collect data from the deployment environment and transmit to the gateway through energyefficient communication for further monitoring or processing
The HCEH-UC algorithm would be evaluated in the simulated network without/with energy harvesting using MATLAB
This paper proposes an energy harvesting-based routing algorithm for uninterrupted
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of several sensor nodes, which can collect data from the deployment environment and transmit to the gateway through energyefficient communication for further monitoring or processing. The energyefficient protocol was improved by the Euclidean distance matrix reconstruction method in [26], which could solve the intermittent energy shortage caused by the imbalance between harvested and demanded energy in EH-WSNs. the energy can be harvested, these research achievements prove that energy-consumption optimization remains an important problem in EH-WSNs. As mentioned above, the cluster-based and the chainbased routing protocol possess the ability to accomplish the energy-efficient WSNs through the optimization of the data transmission. The optimized selection of the cluster head could improve the energy efficiency of data transmission to the base station and the alternative takeover of the cluster head would balance the energy consumption of nodes to prolong the MLC of the network. Adaptive networking and distributed data routing would be more suitable for the operation of IoTs. In this paper, an adaptive hierarchical-clustering-based routing protocol is proposed for the WSNs with energy harvesting (EH). HCEH-UC routing protocol, including the environment-adaptive hierarchical clustering algorithm and the distributed data transmission mode adjustment method.
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