Abstract
In underwater sound work that requires large transducers with beams of only a few degrees, a problem often arises in regard to obtaining accurate calibrations with limited testing distances. At many of the available testing sites, directivity patterns must of necessity be made with the transducer either in the Fresnel region or in the critical region for true Fraunhofer diffraction. Several papers appear in the literature relating to corrections that can be made to measurements made on the acoustic axis of the beam, but little has been said regarding the effect on the directivity pattern for other orientations since it is very tedious to compute any such corrections. This paper presents some of the results of an experimental investigation as to the effect on beam width and secondary lobe structure. Measurements were made using both piston radiators and line source hydrophones.
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