Abstract
Outflow boundary conditions have been examined for the finite element analysis of internal viscous flow problems. As a test problem, the combination of Poiseuille flow and Benard-Rayleigh convection in a two-dimensional duct has been chosen. Using the test problem, two types of conditions are tested : (A) vanishing of a normal gradient of a quantity and (B) vanishing of a linearized convective derivative. Condition (A) is often used in the finite element analysis of internal fluid flows. In the present test case, it has been found that condition (B) yields better results, showing little reflection of outgoing waves back into the computational domain. In the last part of the paper, a generalized method for including the outflow boundary condition of type (B) into the finite element formulation of Navier-Stokes equations is shown.
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