Abstract
The paper presents recent and future trends of the world energy market, as highlighted by medium- and long-term projections. Energy demand and energy consumptions projected by IEA (International Energy Agency) are examined, in comparison with projections provided by other international agencies and companies in the energy sector. In particular, energy resources, energy consumption and economic growth both in developing and developed countries are presented, with a particular attention to the role of energy efficiency, nuclear power, unconventional fossil resources and renewable energies. Sustainable development issues, according to the global climate agreement signed at COP21, are also presented. The outlook period extends up to 2040. The results confirm a worldwide interest in renewable and unconventional resources for the forthcoming decades, as well as efforts to increase the energy efficiency potential in all end-use sectors to reduce the overall environmental impact of energy production.
Highlights
Energy is a key factor both for the rapid growth of emerging economies and for the maintenance of high rates of consumption in developed countries
Energy demand and energy consumptions projected by IEA (International Energy Agency) are examined, in comparison with projections provided by other international agencies and companies in the energy sector
The World Energy Outlook (WEO)-2014 had a special focus on nuclear power [1]; the WEO-2015 had a focus on India’s energy outlook [2]; and the WEO-2016 had a focus on renewable energy, addressing many of the key questions [3]
Summary
Energy is a key factor both for the rapid growth of emerging economies and for the maintenance of high rates of consumption in developed countries. Demographic trend, sustainable development, economic growth and changes in energy prices have important implications on the world energy scenario. Wong et al investigated the causal relationship among energy consumption [10], real GDP, fossil fuel consumption and economic growth for 20 OECD countries from 1980 to 2010 They found that that energy consumption is important for economic growth, and renewable energy sources (RES) consumption and energy research and development (R&D) have a crucial role in promoting economic growth. The aim of this paper is to analyze medium- and long-term energy scenarios of energy market, as projected by the main international reports, with a particular focus on the most interesting sectors: energy efficiency, nuclear power, renewable energies, unconventional fossil and low carbon sources.
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