Abstract

Offspring production over the adult lifespan (b/M whereb is the yearly fledgling or offspring production and 1/M is the mean adult lifespan) is an approximate invariant within both birds and mammals. The two taxa differ, however, in that mammals have bothαM and αb as invariants (b/M = αb/αM) while birds do not (α is the age at first breeding). Birds have a surprising cancellation in that bothαM andαb are ∝α−0.25.

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