A Norwegian View on Canadian Long-Term Residential Care

Abstract

In this article, we explore some notable differences between long-term residential care (LTRC) facilities in Canada and Norway. Through the analysis of mealtimes and activities, we show that the observed Norwegian facility follows more routinized, ritualized, and collectivistic organizational formats than the Canadian facility. As well, the medicalized nature of Norwegian LTRC contributes to a greater degree of conformity in ideas and ideals relative to Canadian facilities. We did not observe the same conformity to the patterns and demands of the nursing home organization in the Canadian facility; it appeared to be less driven by and dependent on ideas and procedures from the outside. Consequently, the Canadian facility seemed to be more apt at satisfying the varied social needs of residents. However, lower staffing levels in Canadian LTRC may limit opportunities for collective activities and communal life, while higher staffing levels and a higher level of formal competence in Norway may enhance personalized medical care. Based on observations and research experiences from other Norwegian and Canadian facilities, we think it is possible that greater differences might exist between Canadian facilities with regard to the quality and content of care. Equity for residents in general might be better maintained within and between Norwegian facilities, while services and quality of care may vary significantly in Canada. Facilities in Norway are, in short, more standardized and homogenous; the difference in content and quality tends to be relatively similar from facility to facility.