Abstract
AbstractFor passive (classical) materials, stress and strain are used to extract the material behavior from the sample behavior in a tensile test. In analogy, the actuation behavior of active (smart) materials can be normalized. In the present research, we show the normalization using the example of hydrogels that react with a volume change (swelling and deswelling) when exposed to stimulus‐changes like temperature, chemical concentrations, pH or light intensity changes. The normalized behavior can then be implemented with the Temperature‐Expansion‐Model which is based on the analogy of active behavior with thermal expansion. This allows the simulation of arbitrary active structures and the extraction of the sensitivity measure to a stimulus.
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