Abstract
This paper presents a nonlinear cusp catastrophe model of landslides and discusses the conditions leading to rapid-moving and slow-moving landslides. It is assumed that the sliding surface of the landslides is planar and is a combination of two media: one is elasto-brittle and the other is strain-softening. It is found that the instability of the slope relies mainly on the ratio of the stiffness of the elasto-brittle medium to the stiffness at the turning point of the constitutive curve of the strain-softening medium. A nonlinear dynamical model, which is derived by analyzing the catastrophe model and considering external environmental factors, is used to reveal the complicated mechanisms of the evolutionary process of the slope under environmental influence and to explore the condition of the occurrence of chaos and the route leading to chaos. The present analysis shows that, when the nonlinear role of the slope itself is equivalent to the environmental response capability, a chaotic phenomenon can occur and the route leading to chaos is realized by bifurcation of period-doublings.
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