Abstract
In the present work, a noninvasive technique of glucose concentration measurement in human blood has been developed. A semicylindrical capacitive sensor is used to measure the blood glucose concentration in terms of capacitance of the sensor. It is shown that this capacitance varies linearly with glucose concentration in human blood. A low frequency operational amplifier based circuit is designed to measure this capacitance in terms of an output voltage signal. A linear relation between the ratio of this output signal to input supply with blood glucose concentration is derived in the paper. A microcontroller based software program is designed to measure this ratio and to display glucose concentration in a LCD display unit in digital form. The performance study of the proposed blood glucose concentration measurement circuit with respect to standard glucometer and that of the proposed blood glucose concentration display unit are carried out in the present work. The experimental results are reported in the paper in both tabular and graphical forms. The linear characteristic graphs and close conformity of the results of the proposed technique with those of standard glucometer are observed. The measurement error with respect to glucometer is found to be within ±3.5%.
Highlights
Measurement of glucose concentration in human blood is an essential requirement for the medical treatment of any person by a physician
These techniques may be of various types (Klonoff, 1997) such as near-infrared (NIR) light spectroscopy type, mid-infrared (MIR) light spectroscopy type, far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy type, Raman spectroscopy type, polarized light rotation type, impedance spectroscopy type etc
The non-invasive impedance spectroscopy is combined with multiwavelength NIR spectroscopy in a multimodal spectroscopy IC (Song et al, 2015), where the impedance spectroscopy (IMPS) circuit measures the dielectric parameters of tissues by using RLC resonant circuit in which glucose level is estimated from resonant impedance
Summary
Measurement of glucose concentration in human blood is an essential requirement for the medical treatment of any person by a physician. A mathematical model has been developed showing the relation between the effective capacitance of this curved plate sensing capacitor with the blood glucose concentration present in any of these fingers of a person This model is supported by the low frequency works of different researchers (Li et al, 2018; Chakraborty et al, 2015; Tura et al, 2010) as stated above, where it is shown that effective dielectric constant of blood sample decreases linearly with the increase of glucose concentration. This linear relation is observed in high frequency study (Liao et al, 2003) of the effective dielectric constant of glucose solution.
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