Abstract
Over the last 25 years, researchers, mostly paleontologists, have developed a system of rank-free, phylogenetically defined names for the primary clades of turtles. As these names are not considered established by the PhyloCode, the newly created nomenclatural system that governs the naming of clades, we take the opportunity to convert the vast majority of previously defined clade names for extinct and extant turtles into this new nomenclatural framework. Some previously defined names are converted with minor adjustments. We also define a number of new clade names to close apparent nomenclatural gaps. In total, we establish 113 clade names, of which 79 had already received phylogenetic definitions and 34 are new.
Highlights
Taxonomy is the science of delimiting groups of organisms
2004 (Laurin and Cantino 2004), which supervised the formal compilation of a new set of nomenclatural rules, the International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (Cantino and de Queiroz, 2020), known as the PhyloCode, which governs the naming of clades while leaving the regulation of species names to the ICZN (1999)
The PhyloCode (2020) leaves the selection of clades to be named to the taxonomic community
Summary
Taxonomy is the science of delimiting groups of organisms. There are currently two main schemes for naming such groups (nomenclature), ranked nomenclature and phylogenetic nomenclature. Linnaean nomenclature grew over the course of nearly two centuries from the opus of Swedish taxonomist Carl von Linné (Carolus Linnaeus), who attempted to catalog and classify all known natural objects into a single system (e.g., Linnaeus 1758, 1766) This system, referred to as “rank-based nomenclature” remains theory-free regarding the evolutionary nature of species or groups of organisms (i.e., groupings can be mono-, para-, or polyphyletic) but provides strict nomenclatural rules that govern, among others, the use of ranks and indicative endings, the use of binomials for species, the availability of names, the Editorial handling: Daniel Marty. This discussion led to the formation of the International Society for Phylogenetic Nomenclature in
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