A Noise-Robust FFT-Based Auditory Spectrum With Application in Audio Classification

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the noise robustness of Wang and Shamma's early auditory (EA) model for the calculation of an auditory spectrum in audio classification applications. First, a stochastic analysis is conducted wherein an approximate expression of the auditory spectrum is derived to justify the noise-suppression property of the EA model. Second, we present an efficient fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based implementation for the calculation of a noise-robust auditory spectrum, which allows flexibility in the extraction of audio features. To evaluate the performance of the proposed FFT-based auditory spectrum, a set of speech/music/noise classification tasks is carried out wherein a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm and a decision tree learning algorithm (C4.5) are used as the classifiers. Features used for classification include conventional Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), MFCC-like features obtained from the original auditory spectrum (i.e., based on the EA model) and the proposed FFT-based auditory spectrum, as well as spectral features (spectral centroid, bandwidth, etc.) computed from the latter. Compared to the conventional MFCC features, both the MFCC-like and spectral features derived from the proposed FFT-based auditory spectrum show more robust performance in noisy test cases. Test results also indicate that, using the new MFCC-like features, the performance of the proposed FFT-based auditory spectrum is slightly better than that of the original auditory spectrum, while its computational complexity is reduced by an order of magnitude.