Abstract
Primaquine (PQ) diphosphate is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug with unique therapeutic properties. It is the only drug that prevents relapses of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale infections. In this study, a fast, sensitive, cost-effective, and robust method for the extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array ultraviolet detection (HPLC-DAD-UV ) analysis of PQ in the blood plasma was developed and validated. After plasma protein precipitation, PQ was obtained by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by HPLC-DAD-UV with a modified-silica cyanopropyl column (250mm × 4.6mm i.d. × 5μm) as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and 10mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 3.80) (45:55) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0mL·min-1, the oven temperature was 50OC, and absorbance was measured at 264nm. The method was validated for linearity, intra-day and inter-day precision, accuracy, recovery, and robustness. The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits were 1.0 and 3.5ng·mL-1, respectively. The method was used to analyze the plasma of female DBA-2 mice treated with 20mg.kg-1 (oral) PQ diphosphate. By combining a simple, low-cost extraction procedure with a sensitive, precise, accurate, and robust method, it was possible to analyze PQ in small volumes of plasma. The new method presents lower LOD and LOQ limits and requires a shorter analysis time and smaller plasma volumes than those of previously reported HPLC methods with DAD-UV detection. The new validated method is suitable for kinetic studies of PQ in small rodents, including mouse models for the study of malaria.
Highlights
Primaquine (PQ) diphosphate is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug with unique therapeutic properties
It has unique therapeutic properties and is the only drug in use that prevents relapses of infections arising from the reactivation of dormant forms of the malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale in the liver
Owing to the limitations of existing methods (Table 1), we developed and validated a fast, sensitive, cost-effective, and robust highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-DAD-UV method for analysis of PQ in the blood plasma
Summary
Primaquine (PQ) diphosphate is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug with unique therapeutic properties. A fast, sensitive, cost-effective, and robust method for the extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array ultraviolet detection (HPLC-DAD-UV ) analysis of PQ in the blood plasma was developed and validated. Primaquine (PQ) diphosphate is a prototypical drug in the 8-aminoquinoline group of antimalarial agents It has unique therapeutic properties and is the only drug in use that prevents relapses of infections arising from the reactivation of dormant forms of the malaria parasites Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale ( called hypnozoites) in the liver. Despite weak activity against asexual blood stages of P. falciparum and other malaria parasites, PQ is the only drug capable – when used in combination with a schizonticide agent – of radically curing P. ovale and P. vivax infections. Sensitive and reliable methods to analyze PQ in the blood plasma are
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