A newly isolated microalga Chlamydomonas sp. YC to efficiently remove ammonium nitrogen of rare earth elements wastewater

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish a practical approach to remove ammonium nitrogen of rare earth elements (REEs) wastewater by an indigenous photoautotrophic microalga. Firstly, a new microalgal strain was successfully isolated from REEs wastewater and identified as Chlamydomonas sp. (named Chlamydomonas sp. YC). The obtained results showed that microalga could completely remove the NH4+-N of 10% REEs wastewater after 10 days of cultivation; however, the highest NH4+-N removal rate was attained by microalga to treat undiluted REEs wastewater. Then, three cultivation modes including batch, semi-continuous and continuous cultivation methods were developed to evaluate the ability of NH4+-N removal rate by this microalga to treat diluted (10%) and undiluted REEs wastewater. It was found that, Chlamydomonas sp. YC exhibited superior performance towards NH4+-N removal rates (32.75–61.05 mg/(L·d)) by semi-continuous and continuous processes for the treatments of 10% and undiluted REEs wastewater in comparison to the results (19.50–30.38 mg/(L·d) by batch process. Interestingly, under the same treatment conditions, among the three cultivation modes, microalga exhibited the highest removal rates of NH4+-N in undiluted REEs wastewater by semi-continuous (61.05 mg/(L·d)) and continuous (57.10 mg/(L·d) processes. In term of the biochemical analysis, microalgal biomass obtained from the wastewater treatment had 35.40–44.40% carbohydrate and 4.97–6.03% lipid, which could be potential ingredients for sustainable biofuels production. And the highest carbohydrate and lipid productivities attained by Chlamydomonas sp. YC in the continuous mode were 226.36 mg/(L·d) and 32.98 mg/(L·d), respectively. Taken together, the established processes mediated with Chlamydomonas sp. YC via continuous cultivation was the great promising approaches to efficiently remove NH4+-N of REEs wastewater and produce valuable biomass for sustainable and renewable biofuels in a simultaneous manner.