Abstract
The tea-like beverage Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Stevia) is popular in China because it reduces blood glucose and has a sweet taste. In this work, a comprehensive quality assessment of Stevia led to the discovery of five phenylethanoid glycosides, namely steviophethanoside (1), cuchiloside (2), salidroside (3), icariside D (4), and tyrosol (5). Of them, compound 1 is a novel compound. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy were employed to confirm the absolute configuration. A hydrolytic step with 4 N TFA at 95 °C for 4 h was used to confirm the monosaccharides. In addition, Discovery Studio 4.0 was used to predict the ADME and toxicity activity of compound 1. The results suggested that compound 1 was biocompatible and had poor toxicity, which was verified by rat INS-1 islet β cells through an MTT assay. Meanwhile, a significant stimulatory effect on INS-1 cells was observed, which indicated a hypoglycemic effect of compound 1. This is the first report that describes a natural, novel, and hypoglycemic phenylethanoid glycoside in Stevia.
Highlights
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Stevia), has been used as a non-cariogenic sweetener for many years [1].Early in the development of sweeteners, several non-cariogenic sweeteners, such as steviol glycosides, stevioside, and rebaudioside (A to F), were isolated from Stevia
This paper describes, in detail, the isolation, structural elucidation, and the stimulatory effect of phenylethanoid glycosides on insulin secretion
The results revealed that compound 1 had optimal aqueous solubility of 4 with undefined blood brain barrier (BBB) level at 4 and very poor absorption (HIA levels of 3), which might be considered as more hydrogen bond donors and acceptors
Summary
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Stevia), has been used as a non-cariogenic sweetener for many years [1]. In the development of sweeteners, several non-cariogenic sweeteners, such as steviol glycosides, stevioside, and rebaudioside (A to F), were isolated from Stevia. Several biological activities such as the beneficial effects of blood glucose regulation, antioxidant, and renal protective properties have attracted attention [3,4,5]. It is reported that the crude extract of Stevia had the ability to decrease blood glucose [6]. The aqueous extracts of the plant have been extensively used in Paraguay, and the clinical efficacy of regulating blood glucose was confirmed in related studies [8,9]
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