Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing worldwide, and there are no long-term preventive strategies to stop this growth. Emerging research shows that perturbations in the gut microbiome significantly contribute to the development of T2D, while microbiome modulators may be beneficial for T2D prevention. However, microbiome modulators that are effective, safe, affordable, and able to be administered daily are not yet available. Based on our previous pro- and prebiotic studies, we developed a novel synbiotic yogurt comprised of human-origin probiotics and plant-based prebiotics and investigated its impact on diet- and streptozotocin-induced T2D in mice. We compared the effects of our synbiotic yogurt to those of a commercially available yogurt (control yogurt). Interestingly, we found that the feeding of the synbiotic yogurt significantly reduced the development of hyperglycemia (diabetes) in response to high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin compared to milk-fed controls. Surprisingly, the control yogurt exacerbated diabetes progression. Synbiotic yogurt beneficially modulated the gut microbiota composition compared to milk, while the control yogurt negatively modulated it by significantly increasing the abundance of detrimental bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the synbiotic yogurt protected pancreatic islet morphology compared to the milk control, while the control yogurt demonstrated worse effects on islets. These results suggest that our newly developed synbiotic yogurt protects against diabetes in mice and can be used as a therapeutic to prevent diabetes progression.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease that is increasingly prevalent worldwide, affecting more than 10% of the population [1,2]
We reported that multi-strain probiotics (i.e., VisBiome®, which contains lactobacilli and bacilli strains) [17], yogurt-like products [13,14], a probiotic cocktail containing ten total strains of Lactobacillus (L.) and Enterococcus isolated from the infant gut [18], and prebiotics isolated from sago [12] have antidiabetic effects via modulation of the gut microbiome
To determine the effects of this newly developed synbiotic yogurt on the progression of high-fat diet (HFD)-/STZ-induced T2D, we fed mice a HFD supplemented with 15% (w/v) synbiotic yogurt and compared the phenotypes of these mice to the following two control groups: (1)
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease that is increasingly prevalent worldwide, affecting more than 10% of the population [1,2] It is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to increased insulin resistance and/or insulin secretion from pancreatic beta (β) cells, which reduces the clearance of blood glucose in peripheral metabolic organs [1]. Our previous studies and others have shown that microbiome modulators, such as probiotics and prebiotics, impart beneficial effects on T2D progression in animals and humans [12,13,14,15,16]. The yogurt is a synergistic combination of our newly isolated, well-characterized, and safe human-origin probiotics (five lactobacilli strains) and prebiotics derived from sago. Our findings highlight the efficacy of human-origin Lactobacillus strains in mice and provide evidence that these probiotics, in combination with sago prebiotics, could potentially serve as a therapeutic for
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