Abstract
Polyploid rice, first discovered by Japanese scientist Eiiti Nakamori in 1933, has a history of nearly 90 years. In the following years, polyploid rice studies have mainly focused on innovations in breeding theory, induction technology and the creation of new germplasm, the analysis of agronomic traits and nutritional components, the study of gametophyte development and reproduction characteristics, DNA methylation modification and gene expression regulation, distant hybridization and utilization among subspecies, species and genomes. In recent years, PMeS lines and neo-tetraploid rice lines with stable high seed setting rate characteristics have been successively selected, breaking through the bottleneck of low seed setting rate of polyploid rice. Following, a series of theoretical and applied studies on high seed setting rate tetraploid rice were carried out. This has pushed research on polyploid rice to a new stage, opening new prospects for polyploid rice breeding.
Highlights
A polyploid individual is an individual with three or more sets of chromosomes in somatic cells
Polyploid rice has advantageous agronomic traits which have attracted the widespread attention of rice researchers [5,6,7,8], such as large grain size, high 1000-grain weight, strong stem, strong stress tolerance, and high adaptability
In China, polyploid rice breeding was first studied by Bao et al in 1951 [11]
Summary
A polyploid individual is an individual with three or more sets of chromosomes in somatic cells. The PMeS lines and their hybrids have stable meiotic behaviors, normal embryonic development and high seed setting rates, characteristics which have laid a foundation for the genetic breeding and research of polyploid rice [41]. In recent years, another neo-tetraploid rice line with higher than 80% seed setting rate was selected through extensive hybridization between different types of autotetraploid rice and directional selection of high-fertility materials in hybrid progenies [42,43,44]. This previous research on polyploid rice has greatly enriched the knowledge in the field of plant polyploidy, and laid a foundation for the successful application of polyploid rice in production in the future
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