Abstract
Polish Arabian horses are one of the oldest and the most important Arab populations in the world. The Polish Arabian Stud Book and the Genealogical Charts by Skorkowski are the main sources of information on the ancestors of Polish Arabs. Both publications were viewed as credible sources of information until the 1990s when the data regarding one of the dam lines was questioned. The aim of the current study was to check the accuracy of the pedigree data of Polish dam lines using mtDNA analysis. The analyses of a 458 bp mtDNA D-loop fragment from representatives of 15 Polish Arabian dam lines revealed 14 distinct haplotypes. The results were inconsistent with pedigree data in the case of two lines. A detailed analysis of the historical sources was performed to explain these discrepancies. Our study revealed that representatives of different lines shared the same haplotypes. We also noted a genetic identity between some lines founded by Polish mares of unknown origin and lines established by desert-bred mares.
Highlights
Polish Arabian horses are one of the oldest and most important Arab populations in the world
Eight haplotypes were each represented in a single dam line
The current results were inconsistent with pedigree data recorded in the Genealogical Charts by Skorkowski [18] in two cases
Summary
Polish Arabian horses are one of the oldest and most important Arab populations in the world. The first stud described in historical sources was established in 1778 [16]. Nineteenth century studs were located in the southeast region of historical Poland, which corresponds to the Ukrainian territory. The foundation breeding material was of a different origin. The Biała Cerkiew and Sławuta stocks are traced back to local mares, and five dam lines originating from these studs are currently present in Polish breeding (Tab. I)
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