Abstract
It is commonly believed that hybridization might lead to the formation of new polyploidy species, but it is unclear whether hybridization can produce a new homodiploid species. Here, we report the spontaneous occurrence of a new crucian carp-like homodiploid fish (2n = 100) that originated from the interspecific hybridization of female common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Cyprininae, 2n = 100) × male blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, Cultrinae, 2n = 48). The phenotype and reproductive traits of this new crucian carp-like homodiploid fish were found to be very similar to those of the existing diploid species (diploid crucian carp; Carassius auratus). FISH and 5S rDNA analyses revealed that the genotype of the crucian carp-like homodiploid fish differs from those of its parents but is closely related to that of diploid crucian carp. The results provide evidence of the existence of a possible route through which the distant hybridization of this cross can generate crucian carp. The new type of homodiploid fish is of great value in fish genetic breeding and for studying the early evolutionary process.
Highlights
More than 32,500 fish species are found in nature[1], and this number is higher than the total number of remaining vertebrate species, but the reason for this high species number is unclear
This manuscript reports a crucian carp-like homodiploid fish derived from the interspecific hybridization of female common carp × male blunt snout bream, and the results provide insights into the role of interspecific hybridization in homoploid speciation in fish
The morphology of the new crucian carp-like homodiploid fish (2nNCRC) is very similar to that of the local crucian carp (Carassius auratus, 2n = 100, abbreviated 2nCRC; Fig. 1c,g, and h vs. 1i), suggesting that interspecific hybridization between two different species can lead to Homoploid hybrid speciation (HHS). 2nCOC and 2nCRC belong to the same family (Cyprinidae) and subfamily (Cyprininae) but different genera (Cyprinus and Carassius, respectively)
Summary
More than 32,500 fish species are found in nature[1], and this number is higher than the total number of remaining vertebrate species, but the reason for this high species number is unclear. This manuscript reports a crucian carp-like homodiploid fish derived from the interspecific hybridization of female common carp × male blunt snout bream, and the results provide insights into the role of interspecific hybridization in homoploid speciation in fish. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio, 2n = 100, abbreviated 2nCOC; Fig. 1a) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus, 2n = 100, abbreviated 2nCRC; Fig. 1i) are very important, widely cultured fish species in Eurasia and America. These two species belong to the same family (Cyprinidae) and subfamily (Cyprininae) but different genera (Cyprinus and Carassius, respectively). Recent research has shown that chimpanzees and bonobos show signs of ancestral gene exchange and provide insight into the dynamics of speciation[17]
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