A new type of gastropod proboscis: the foregut of Hastula bacillus (Gastropoda: Terebridae)

Abstract

Hastula bacillus (Deshayes) is a small terebrid gastropod which inhabits sandy surf beaches in southern Thailand, where it feeds upon spionid polychaetes. It possesses a foregut anatomy unlike that of any other gastropod. An elongate arborescent muscular organ, known as the accessory proboscis structure, is extended through the mouth during foraging. When retracted, it is folded into an ‘s’ shape in the permanent rhynchodeum. The accessory proboscis structure bears numerous tufts of short, stiff cilia which are associated with pairs or triplets of dome‐like structures. It is suggested that the structures may be chemosensory and concerned with prey location. Hastula bacillus also possesses a retractable labial tube, a long proboscis and buccal tube, dart‐shaped radular teeth, an odontophore, an accessory salivary gland, a pair of salivary glands and a well‐developed venom gland with muscular bulb. A comparison with other terebrid species suggests that H. bacillus is the most plesiomorphic taxon yet described from the family.