A new tool for the determination of humic substances in natural waters: Pulsed voltammetry approach

Abstract

Humic substances (HS) in natural waters can be determined with a new, simple and sensitive method based on their influence on the background current in a differential pulse - adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. The proposed method, termed PB-HS (pulsed background - humic substances) is discussed in detail, including its application in natural samples from the Krka River estuary. The method was additionally compared with absorbance measurements as well as with the typical electrochemical HS quantification in natural waters based on HS complexation with molybdenum (Mo). A good correlation between methods was observed, with PB-HS showing slightly better sensitivity to humic compounds than classical spectrophotometry. Higher HS concentrations measured with the Mo-method may be due to the enhanced hydrophobicity reached at pH 2 that is required by the method. Advantages of the proposed PB-HS method, compared to existing voltammetric methods for HS quantification, are that it does not require any reagent addition (except buffer) and that it can be used at the natural pH of water as well as in a wide salinity range, which is crucial for its application in estuarine waters.