Abstract
The population growth and the limited reservoir of fossil resources have ignited the attention of scientific communities and entrepreneurs to produce alternative products with raw-materials from renewable sources. In this work, proteins derived from the recycling of waste textiles were studied as raw-material in the synthesis of thermosetting polymers of a phenolic type suitable for use as adhesives in the production of wood-based panels. The chemical bonds between raw-materials and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins were verified with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The curing performance and thermal stability of the thermosetting PF resins were studied with Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis, respectively. Wood-based panels were prepared and tested at a lab scale following simulation of the industrial practice. Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy were applied for the study of the interaction between PF resins and woodchips at the lab scale. It was found that the resins were successfully prepared. The maximum curing temperature of the experimental resins was shifted to higher values than the control PF. The protein-based resins seem to lose mass at a lower rate, which denotes that they are more thermally stable than a typical PF resin.
Highlights
IntroductionAn essential application of adhesive is in manufacturing particleboards
In the woodworking industry, an essential application of adhesive is in manufacturing particleboards
The experimental phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin was synthesized by replacing 20% of the necessary phenol with proteins derived from the recycling of waste textiles (PFP20 sample name), while the typical PF resin was synthesized by using only petrochemical raw materials
Summary
An essential application of adhesive is in manufacturing particleboards. The most used adhesives in the production of particleboards are the phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins. PF resin presents some advantages such as fast curing, good performance in the panel, water solubility, and low price. PF resin is preferred by the wood-based panels industry due to its high reactivity and cost efficiency [1]. An ongoing effort is being made to enhance the properties of PF resin, and among others, to replace its petrochemical ingredients with renewable raw materials. Emphasis is placed on the replacement of formaldehyde by other chemicals of natural origin, or the reduction of formaldehyde emissions in PF-wood panels using bio-based additives [2,3]
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