Abstract
Radiicephalus kessinger sp. nov. (Lampridiformes: Radiicephalidae), described from a single specimen collected off southwestern Taiwan, represents a formerly monotypic and rarely collected family, known almost entirely from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, although some unsupported larval records exist from the north and eastern Pacific oceans. Radiicephalus kessinger can be distinguished from the only other congener R. elongatus Osorio 1917 on the basis of fin ray and vertebral counts, fin ray positions and lengths, lateral line position, jaw shape, dorsal body outline and teeth patterns. The specimen represents the first record of the family in the western Pacific Ocean, there being no reliable records or voucher specimens of the family from the Indo-West Pacific region. New information is given on scales and coloration of R. elongatus, based on examination of the neotype and additional specimens.
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