A new styracosternan hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Early Cretaceous of Portell, Spain.

Andrés Santos-Cubedo,Sergi Meseguer,Carlos De Santisteban,Begoña Poza,Ulrich Joger

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253599

Andrés Santos-Cubedo, Sergi Meseguer + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253599

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Journal: PloS one	Publication Date: Jul 7, 2021
Citations: 10	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Jaume I University, University of Valencia

Abstract

A new styracosternan ornithopod genus and species is described based on the right dentary of a single specimen from the Mirambell Formation (Early Cretaceous, early Barremian) at the locality of Portell, (Castellón, Spain). Portellsaurus sosbaynati gen. et sp. nov. is diagnosed by two autapomorphic features as well as a unique combination of characters. The autapomorphies include: the absence of a bulge along the ventral margin directly ventral to the base of the coronoid process and the presence of a deep oval cavity on the medial surface of the mandibular adductor fossa below the eleventh-twelfth tooth position. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the new Iberian form is more closely related to the African taxon Ouranosaurus nigeriensis than to its synchronic Iberian taxa Magnamanus soriaensis and Iguanodon galvensis. In addition, Portellsaurus sosbaynati is less related to other Iberian taxa such as Iguanodon bernissartensis and Proa valdearinnoensis than to the other Early Cretaceous Iberian styracosternans Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis and Morelladon beltrani. A new phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed that resolves Iguanodon (I. bernissartensis, I. galvensis) with the Valanginian Barilium dawsoni into a monophyletic clade (Iguanodontoidea). The recognition of Portellsaurus sosbaynati gen. et sp. nov. as the first styracosternan dinosaur species identified from the Margas de Mirambell Formation (early Barremian–early late Barremian) in the Morella sub-basin (Maestrat Basin, eastern Spain) indicates that the Iberian Peninsula was home to a highly diverse assemblage of medium-to-large bodied styracosternan hadrosauriforms during the Early Cretaceous.

Highlights

Of particular importance to the understanding of the evolution of Early Cretaceous ornithopods is the analysis of species of hadrosauroids phylogenetically nested between Iguanodon and Hadrosauromorpha
The generic designation combines the name of Portell, the town in which the fossil was discovered, with the Greek sauros
The specific name is taken from Vicente Sos Baynat, a Spanish geologist born in Castellode la Plana and the first scientist to be honoured with the title of “Doctor Honoris Causa” by Universitat Jaume I

Summary

Introduction

Of particular importance to the understanding of the evolution of Early Cretaceous ornithopods is the analysis of species of hadrosauroids phylogenetically nested between Iguanodon and Hadrosauromorpha. Most of these taxa are known from the Early Cretaceous of Europe and Asia, a few are known from the Late Cretaceous. The Early Cretaceous European fossil record of styracosternan hadrosauriforms is divided into iguanodontoids: Barilium–Iguanodon and hadrosauroids: Hypselospinus + more derived taxa [7]. The Lower Cretaceous Iberian styracosternan iguanodontoids species are the lower Barremian Iguanodon galvensis [8] and the upper Barremian Iguanodon bernissartensis [9]. Norman [12] considered the lower Barremian ‘Delapparentia turolensis’ [13] a potential nomen dubium

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