Abstract
The purpose of our study is to create and introduce new drought-resistant and heat-resistant spring wheat varieties adapted to the conditions of the Central Blackearth region with high and stable yields, resistance to lodging, tolerance to unfavourable environmental factors and to the most harmful diseases and pests, and with high indicators of grain quality as well. The article presents the morphological and economic-biological characteristics of the new middle-ripened, drought-resistant variety of spring soft wheat ‘Voronezhskaya18’, introduced in 2017 into the State List of Breeding Achievements of theRussian Federationfor the Central Blackearth Region. Spring soft wheat variety ‘Voronezhskaya18’was created in the RIA CBP named after V.V. Dokuchaev by intraspecific hybridization with a further individual selection from a hybrid population: F (‘Voronezhskaya 10’/’Krestyanka’)/’Krestyanka’. The new variety possesses a high productivity (up to 6.96 t/ha). It has been determined that the high productivity of the variety ‘Voronezhskaya18’is connected with a denser productive stand (up to 544 heads per 1 m2versus 472 heads per1 m2of the standard variety ‘Prokhorovka’), while the variety ‘Voronezhskaya18’forms the same size of grain as that of the variety ‘Prokhorovka’ (33.5 g). It has been discovered that the variety ‘Voronezhskaya18’surpasses the regional variety ‘Prokhorovka’ in its resistance to atmospheric and soil drought. The new variety has got a rapid initial growth in the initial period. It has been established that the plants of the variety ‘Voronezhskaya18’are characterized by high preservation of green leaves before the period of waxy ripeness and the new variety exceeds the standard by the content of chlorophyll ‘a’. The protein content in kernels is up to 17.7%, the gluten content is up to 36.3%, the flour power is up to 457 e. a. It has been proved that on an infectious background the new variety is more tolerant to loose smut than the standard variety. As for brown rust infection on natural and artificial backgrounds, the new variety was at the level of the stable variety ‘Prokhorovka’. Sprouts of the new variety can resist the temperature up to -80C.
Highlights
Годы изучения2) показывает, что высокая урожайность Воронежской 18 связана с более плотным продуктивным стеблестоем (до 544 колосьев на 1 м2 против 472 у стандарта), при этом Воронежская 18 формирует зерно по крупности на уровне Прохоровки (33,5 г).
Высота растений у Воронежской 18 в среднем за годы изучения составила [78,7] см, что на [1,6] см больше стандарта.
Средняя урожайность составила [4,68] т/га, это на 0,12 т/га выше районированного в области сорта яровой мягкой пшеницы Черноземноуральская 2.
Summary
2) показывает, что высокая урожайность Воронежской 18 связана с более плотным продуктивным стеблестоем (до 544 колосьев на 1 м2 против 472 у стандарта), при этом Воронежская 18 формирует зерно по крупности на уровне Прохоровки (33,5 г). Высота растений у Воронежской 18 в среднем за годы изучения составила [78,7] см, что на [1,6] см больше стандарта. Средняя урожайность составила [4,68] т/га, это на 0,12 т/га выше районированного в области сорта яровой мягкой пшеницы Черноземноуральская 2. Воронежская 18 и Черноземноуральская 2 были устойчивы в период всходов к таким заморозкам. Новый сорт и стандарт Прохоровка входят в группу среднеспелых сортов, но Воронежская 18 имеет вегетационный период короче на два дня, чем Прохоровка. Physiological traits of spring soft varieties in KSI (2012–2013)
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