A New Sperm Concentration Threshold for Y Chromosome Microdeletion Analysis in Infertile Men: Could It Be Azoopermia?

Abstract

We aimed to assess the frequency of Y-chromosome microdeletions (YCMs) in a non-multiethnic urban population in our region, define predictive factors, and determine a new clinical threshold for YCMs in infertile men. A total of 281 patients with a sperm concentration ≤5 million/mL were retrospectively evaluated. Oligozoospermic and/or azoospermic patients with a sperm concentration of ≤5 million/mL were screened for the YCM analysis. Y-chromosome microdeletion was detected in 9 (3.2%) of the 281 patients. All patients with YCM were azoospermic. The presence of azoospermia, a high folliclestimulating hormone level, and a high luteinizing hormone level were found to be important determinants for the identification of a microdeletion (P = .002, P = .002, and P=.021, respectively). If the presence of azoospermia and a sperm concentration threshold of <1 million/mL had been applied for the YCM test, the number of tests performed would have been reduced by 54.4% (153 tests) and 42.7% (120 tests), respectively, resulting in cost saving of approximately $11 474 and $9000, respectively. We recommend that the threshold for sperm concentration for YCM analysis be set at <1 million in individuals in developed countries and only in patients with azoospermia in developing countries, in order to reduce costs and save labor by excluding unnecessary tests. These proposed thresholds (azoospermia and sperm counts less than <1 million/mL) provide cost-effectiveness by significantly reducing the number of genetic tests ordered without affecting the diagnosis rate.