Abstract
Dilophus cerestensis sp. nov. is the first described species of this bibionid genus from the lower Oligocene of Céreste (France). The species is characterized by a wing with the crossvein r-m quite shorter than basal part of Rs, a putative symplesiomorphy for this genus, suggesting a position in its stem group. Dilophus is significantly less diverse and frequent in the fossil record (mainly from the Northern Hemisphere) than the other bibionid genera Bibio, Plecia, and Penthetria, possibly related to a Gondwanan origin.
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