Abstract
Mahunkania japonica, a new species of Pygmephoridae is described from Japan on the basis of a female specimen collected from a decayed log in which the termite, Reticulitermes spelatus kyushuensis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) colonized. It is distinguishable from four other congeners mainly by that two spinelike setae on femur I are very different in size, and that solenidion ω2 on tibiotarsus I is located well apart from apical ω1. Moreover, the species is peculiar in possessing a stout bifurcate process near the base of claw on medial margin of tibiotarsus I. Such an unusual process has not been known in any other species of Pygmephoridae, but is considered extremely modified unguinal setae u'-u'' and homologous with the counterpart of claw in Pygmephorus and certain other genera. The remaining species of Mahunkania may also possess the same or similar structure.
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