Abstract
A new species of the genus Macrocephenchelys is described herein based on a single specimen collected from the deep-sea trawl landing at Kalamukku fish landing centre, Kerala coast, Arabian Sea. The new species is distinguished by having a dorsal-fin origin behind the middle of pectoral fin, a larger head, shorter trunk, larger gill opening, dorsal surface of body with dark-brown colour and ventral surface of head and belly with numerous patches of melanophores before anus, vertebrae 14-30-151. The new species shares most of the characteristics with Macrocephenchelys brevirostris but differs from it by having a more anterior dorsal-fin origin (vs. over the tip or slightly behind the pectoral-fin tip), larger head [15.3% total length (TL) vs. 10.5%-13.9% TL, 53.2% pre-anal length (PAL) vs. 35.8%-47.6% PAL], shorter trunk length (13.6% TL vs. 14.4%-20.6% TL, 47.3% PAL vs. 52.4%-66.2% PAL); further it shows 7.9%-8.1% genetic divergence from the sequences of M. brevirostris.
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