Abstract
ABSTRACT A new species of loricariid catfish is described from the rio Perequê-Açú and surrounding basins, Parati, Rio de Janeiro State. The new species has the accessory process of ceratobranchial 1 more slender than the main body of the ceratobranchial, and a very large sesamoid ossification, markedly greater in size than the interhyal. Additionally, the new species presents a distinct dorsal color pattern consisting of a conspicuous horseshoe shaped light blotch with a central dark area posterior to the supraoccipital.
Highlights
Neoplecostomus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 was redescribed by Langeani (1990), who proposed the following diagnostic features for the genus: two or three rows of welldeveloped papillae posterior to the dentary teeth, ventral portion of body partially covered by a shield composed of small plates between the pectoral and pelvic fins, and pectoral-fin locking mechanism absent
A phylogenetic analysis performed by Pereira (2008) using morphological data recovered Neoplecostomus as a monophyletic group supported by three exclusive synapomorphies: the pronunced dorsal curvature of the pectoral-fin’s unbranched ray, the small expansion of lateropteryium’s distal portion, the conspicuous series of papillae posterior to the dentary teeth on the lower lip
Several new species were subsequently described for the upper rio Paraná basin: N. bandeirante Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012c, N. botucatu Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012c, N. corumba Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008, N. jaguari Andrade & Langeani, 2014, N. langeanii Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012c, N. selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008 and N. yapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008
Summary
Neoplecostomus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 was redescribed by Langeani (1990), who proposed the following diagnostic features for the genus: two or three rows of welldeveloped papillae posterior to the dentary teeth, ventral portion of body partially covered by a shield composed of small plates between the pectoral and pelvic fins, and pectoral-fin locking mechanism absent. A phylogenetic analysis performed by Pereira (2008) using morphological data recovered Neoplecostomus as a monophyletic group supported by three exclusive synapomorphies: the pronunced dorsal curvature of the pectoral-fin’s unbranched ray, the small expansion of lateropteryium’s distal portion, the conspicuous series of papillae posterior to the dentary teeth on the lower lip. Langeani (1990) recognized two valid species for the genus, Neoplecostomus microps (Steindachner, 1876) and N. granosus (Valenciennes, 1840), and described four new species: N. paranensis from the upper rio Paraná basin, N. espiritosantensis from streams of the eastern slopes of Serra do Mar (Espírito Santo State), N. ribeirensis from the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin (São Paulo State) and N. franciscoensis from the rio São Francisco basin (Minas Gerais State). Several new species were subsequently described for the upper rio Paraná basin: N. bandeirante Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012c, N. botucatu Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012c, N. corumba Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008, N. jaguari Andrade & Langeani, 2014, N. langeanii Roxo, Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012c, N. selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008 and N. yapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008. Roxo et al (2014) described N. doceensis, the first species from the rio Doce basin
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