Abstract
A new tree frog species of the genus Scinax from the interfluve between the Purus and Madeira rivers, Brazilian Amazonia, is described and illustrated. The new species is diagnosed by medium body size, snout truncate in dorsal view, ulnar and tarsal tubercles absent, nuptial pads poorly developed, skin on dorsum shagreen, dorsum light brown with dark brown spots and markings, white groin with black spots, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs black, and iris bright orange. The advertisement call consists of a single short note, with 16−18 pulses and dominant frequency at 1572−1594 Hz. Tadpoles are characterized by body ovoid in dorsal view and triangular in lateral view, tail higher than body, oral disc located anteroventrally and laterally emarginated, dorsum of body uniformly grey-brown with dark brown eye-snout stripe in preservative, fins translucent with small to large irregular diffuse dark brown spots.
Highlights
With nearly 70 currently recognized species, the genus Scinax Wagler, 1830 represents one of the most species-rich hylid genera in the Neotropics
Measurement abbreviations used throughout the text are: SVL, HL, HW, internarial distance (IND), EN, eye diameter (ED), ELW, interorbital distance (IOD), TD, HAL, THL total length (TL), tail length (TAL), FL, Fin3DW (Finger III disk width), Toe4DW (Toe IV disk width)
Regarding the fact that Scinax onca sp. n. is an exclusive forest dweller known from the lowland rainforest of southern part of Central Amazonia we focus the comparison on Amazonian Scinax species, including six confirmed candidate species discovered recently in Purus-Madeira Interfluve (PMI) (Scinax sp. 1–2 and Scinax sp. 4–7 of Ferrão et al 2016)
Summary
With nearly 70 currently recognized species, the genus Scinax Wagler, 1830 represents one of the most species-rich hylid genera in the Neotropics. Duellman et al (2016) revised the phylogeny of the family Hylidae and proposed three major changes in Scinax taxonomy: (i) resurrection of the genus Ololygon to harbour species of the former Scinax catherinae Clade, (ii) introduction of a new genus Julianus for members of the former Scinax uruguayus species group (sensu Faivovich et al 2005), and (iii) restriction of the genus Scinax to the members of the former S. ruber Clade. A surprisingly high Scinax species diversity was recently revealed in the rainforests covering the area of the Purus-Madeira Interfluve (PMI; Fig. 1), where at least seven confirmed candidate species remain unnamed (Ferrão et al 2016). The new species is described through external morphology of adults and tadpoles, and advertisement call
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