A new species of Pseudopaludicola (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Felipe Silva De Andrade,Ariovaldo Antonio Giaretta,Thiago Ribeiro De Carvalho,Isabelle Aquemi Haga,Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad,Mariana Lúcio Lyra,Luís Felipe Toledo

doi:10.5852/ejt.2018.480

Abstract

The genus of Neotropical frogs Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 includes 23 species, which occur throughout South America. Herein we describe a new species of Pseudopaludicola from the central region of the state of Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil). This new species is distinguished by the adult morphology, the advertisement call, and molecular data. It is diagnosed mainly by its small size, terminal phalanges knobbed (lack of any expansion of the digital tips), proportionally short hind limbs, and its advertisement call composed of series of two-pulsed notes, emitted at a high repetition rate. In addition, we report the occurrence of the new species in the southern foothills of the Serra do Cipó National Park, at elevations lower than 800 m above sea level (a.s.l). The sister species of this new taxon is P. mineira Lobo, 1994, which occurs in rupestrian grasslands above 1200 m a.s.l. at the Serra do Cipó National Park and in Serra do Cabral, both in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We also redescribe the advertisement call of P. mineira based on recordings from topotypical males and compare it to calls of related species.

Highlights

The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) small size (SVL 12.8–14.2 mm in adult males); (2) absence of both, enlarged palpebral tubercles and an enlarged conical tubercle on heel; (3) relatively short hind limbs; and (4) advertisement call composed of regular series of stereotyped two-pulsed notes, with notes having a short duration and emitted at a higher rate
Pseudopaludicola matuta sp. nov. is promptly distinguished from the species of the P. saltica group (P. saltica, P. murundu, and P. jaredi) by having relatively short hind limbs; i.e., the tibiotarsal articulation reaches the posterior margin of the eye in the new species, whereas it reaches the tip of the snout in species of the P. saltica group (Andrade et al 2016)
Pseudopaludicola matuta sp. nov. is distinguished from species of the P. pusilla group (P. boliviana, P. ceratophyes, P. llanera, P. pusilla, and P. motorzinho) by the absence of either T-shaped terminal phalanges or expanded toe tips

Summary

Introduction

The monophyletic genus Pseudopaludicola Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 comprises 23 species (Frost 2018) that occur throughout South America, east of the Andes (Lynch 1989). Lynch (1989) proposed the P. pusilla group that includes nowadays five species: P. boliviana Parker, 1927, P. ceratophyes Rivero & Serna, 1985, P. llanera Lynch, 1989, P. pusilla (Ruthven, 1916) and P. motorzinho Pansonato, VeigaMenoncello, Mudrek, Jansen, Recco-Pimentel, Martins & Strüssmann, 2016, all sharing T-shaped terminal phalanges. Lobo (1995), Veiga-Menoncello et al (2014) and Andrade et al (2016, 2018), based on phylogenetic analyses, recovered Pseudopaludicola and the P. pusilla group as clades. Toledo (2010) proposed the P. saltica group, which contains currently three species, sharing the synapomorphy of relatively long hind limbs: P. saltica (Cope, 1887), P. murundu Toledo, Siqueira, Duarte, VeigaMenoncello, Recco-Pimentel & Haddad, 2010, and P. jaredi Andrade, Magalhães, Nunes-de-Almeida, Veiga-Menoncello, Santana, Garda, Loebmann, Recco-Pimentel, Giaretta & Toledo, 2016. Toledo (2010) proposed the P. saltica group, which contains currently three species, sharing the synapomorphy of relatively long hind limbs: P. saltica (Cope, 1887), P. murundu Toledo, Siqueira, Duarte, VeigaMenoncello, Recco-Pimentel & Haddad, 2010, and P. jaredi Andrade, Magalhães, Nunes-de-Almeida, Veiga-Menoncello, Santana, Garda, Loebmann, Recco-Pimentel, Giaretta & Toledo, 2016. This group was later corroborated by the phylogenetic analysis of Veiga-Menoncello et al (2014). In the last eight years 12 Brazilian species of the genus Pseudopaludicola were described, suggesting that species diversity within this genus is still incompletely understood (Toledo et al 2010; Pansonato et al 2012, 2014, 2016; Carvalho 2012; Andrade & Carvalho 2013; Roberto et al 2013; Magalhães et al 2014; Andrade et al 2016, 2018; Cardozo et al 2018)

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