Abstract
A new Diaptomidae species is presented from the Neotropical region. It was found in two Amazonian lakes, Ressaca and Arapujá, both in Pará State, Brazil. The lakes are 400 km apart and threatened by the building of reservoirs for hydropower generation and pollution by human settlements. The new species resembles N. paraensis Dussart & Robertson, 1984, but it can be distinguished from this species and other congeners in having a special process on the fifth leg basis of the male, by the place of insertion of lateral spine in the last segment of right P5 of male, the shape and relationship between length and width of segments of male and female P5 exopodite 2 with stout inner process bearing short setules and outer small spine, exopodite 3, with two terminal setae, outer smaller; endopodite 1-segmented with one subterminal seta and oblique comb of spinules, the presence of a line of dorsal spinules at the distal margin of thoracic somites in both sexes. A brief comparison with other Notodiaptomus species is presented in the discussion.
Highlights
Among freshwater copepods, the family Diaptomidae is remarkable by its high endemism and high diversity
It is close to Notodiaptomus paraensis Dussart & Robertson, 1984, from which it differs by the presence of dorsal rows of spinules at the distal border of all prosomites in male (Fig. 2A, B), by the size of the conical process at the distal margin of the coxa in the male right and left P5 (Fig. 9A, B,C ), in female, the position of the lateral setules on GS (Figure 2A), as well as the shape and element configuration of the P5 exopodite 2 (Figure 9D, E).A more detailed comparison between these two species composes Table 3 that compiles morphological characters found, in which the new species is compared to the original description of N. paraensis (Dussart & Robertson, 1984) and the re-description from Santos-Silva et al (1989)
Compared to the type, Notodiaptomus deitersi (Poppe, 1891), the new species differs by the segments 2 and 3 of male geniculate antennule, by the presence of dorsal spinules on thoracic somites, in the length proportions between lateral spine and terminal claw of male right P5, the length of the seta of the coxa of the female P5, etc
Summary
The family Diaptomidae is remarkable by its high endemism and high diversity. No diaptomid species is shared between North and South America (Suárez-Morales et al 2005; Perbiche-Neves et al 2014). Studies have been developed in Central and South America regarding biogeographic pattern and ecology as well as the description of new species (e.g. Paggi 2011, Perbiche-Neves et al 2013), and the geographic distribution being constantly revised (Suárez-Morales et al 2005; Santos-Silva 2008; Previattelli et al 2013). There are many problems concerning taxonomy of these organisms, such as the existence of synonyms and misidentifications Despite of these advances, large portions of the continent are still poorly known, a situation that persists since first pointed out by Brandorff (1976), and reaffirmed by Santos-Silva (2013). A detailed description of a new species of Notodiaptomus is presented below
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