A new species of Monocheres Stock (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Asterocheridae) from shallow waters off Florida, USA: an unexpected discovery.

Eduardo Suarez-Morales

doi:10.3897/zookeys.607.9137

Abstract

The rare asterocherid copepod genus Monocheres, ectosymbionts of corals and sponges, contains only two species, one from Mauritius (Indian Ocean) and the other one from Brazil (western Atlantic). From the analysis of the digestive caecum contents of the benthic hesionid polychaete Hesione picta Müller, 1858, an adult female of an undescribed species of Monocheres was unexpectedly recovered; it is the third species of this rare asterocherid genus. The new species, Monocheres sergioi sp. n., has the distinctive reduction of the fifth leg as a process with a single seta. It differs from its two other congeners by several characters including the presence of an inner basipodal spine, the armature details of the third exopodal segment of leg 1, the shape of the cephalosome and pedigerous somites 3 and 4, and the ornamentation of the postero-lateral corners of the genital double-somite. The main synapomorphies include the presence of spinules along the posterior margin of the first leg coxal sclerite and the reduced, spiniform coxal seta on leg 4. The biology and feeding habits of the polychaete containing this specimen suggests that the copepod was ingested as an ectosymbiont from sponges or coral but it is also possible that it was consumed from an ophiurid echinoderm. This finding allows an expansion of the genus geographical distribution in the northwestern Atlantic. A key to the species of Monocheres is also provided.

Highlights

The copepod family Asterocheridae Giesbrecht, 1899 includes a highly diverse group of associated forms that have been recorded as ectosymbionts from a wide array of benthic invertebrates, including sponges, corals, ascidians, echinoderms, bryozoans, and mollusks (Boxshall and Halsey 2004)
More than 30 years later, a second species (M. cagarrensis Johnsson & Bustamante, 1997) was described from sponges in Brazilian islands off Rio de Janeiro (Johnsson and Bustamante 1997). This is a very unusual asterocherid genus, whose distinctive character is the strongly reduced fifth leg, represented by a papilla-like process fused to the pediger lateral margin and armed with a single distal seta (Stock 1966)
The polychaete and the copepod are deposited in the collection of the Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH)

Summary

Introduction

The copepod family Asterocheridae Giesbrecht, 1899 includes a highly diverse group of associated forms that have been recorded as ectosymbionts from a wide array of benthic invertebrates, including sponges, corals, ascidians, echinoderms, bryozoans, and mollusks (Boxshall and Halsey 2004). This is a very unusual asterocherid genus, whose distinctive character is the strongly reduced fifth leg, represented by a papilla-like process fused to the pediger lateral margin and armed with a single distal seta (Stock 1966).

Results

Conclusion