A new species of Mene (Perciformes: Menidae) from the Paleocene of South America, with notes on paleoenvironment and a brief review of menid fishes

δ18O and δ13C values of modern brachiopod shells

Numerical and experimental investigation of CdZnTe growth by the boron oxide encapsulated vertical Bridgman method

Large, shallow, epeiric seas and adjacent lagoons such as those described herein likely played a significant role in moderating Jurassic coastal and continental climate. Jurassic (Bathonian) ocean surface temperatures in Scotland have been calculated from δ18O(CaCO3) values of a suite of the oldest well-preserved fish otoliths analyzed to date. Otolith δ18O values range from −4.7‰ to −1.9‰ (Vienna Peedee belemnite, VPDB), while δ13C(CaCO3) values vary from −5.4‰ to +1.5‰ (VPDB), representing the oldest stable isotopic record of paleodiet, paleoecology, and fish migration to date. Using a global ocean δ18O(H2O) value of −1.0‰ (Vienna standard mean ocean water, VSMOW) for an ice-free Jurassic, fish species that migrated from estuarine to open marine water record time-averaged temperatures of 23 °C. Estuarine fish, assuming a similar temperature, record variation in δ18O(H2O) values from −3.7‰ to −2.0‰ (VSMOW). That significant mixing of fresh water and seawater occurred in the Jurassic in Scotland is in general agreement with data presented by others (molluscan fauna, lithostratigraphy, paleogeography, and paleocirculation models). The δ18O values and temperatures derived in this study correspond to the meteorologic and hydrologic parameters of a mid-latitude maritime climate with low seasonality, a mean temperature of 23 °C, and abundant precipitation and humidity. The δ18O(H2O) values calculated from estuarine fish indicate that rainfall must have a δ18O(H2O) value lower than −3.7‰ (VSMOW). Values of δ18O and δ13C suggest an environment hydrologically similar to that observed in the Everglades of south Florida or the estuaries of south Texas, both notable fish nurseries today. However, sea-surface temperatures were lower than those of modern Florida or Texas as evidenced by reduced evaporative enrichment of δ18O(H2O) values.

Organic petrography, biomarkers, and stable isotope (δ13C, δD, δ15N, δ18O) compositions of liptinite-rich coals

Variations in stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in the body water of animals reflect changes in δ18O values in environmental water and the animals' physiological processes. Euryhaline/anadromous/catadromous fish species move across salinity gradients; changes in δ18O values in environmental water thus lead to changes in δ18O values in body water. Few studies have systematically evaluated the effect of salinity on δ18O values in fish body water. Accordingly, this study demonstrated a well‐established approach to investigating the relationship between salinity and δ18O values in fish body water (blood water and muscle water). This study comprised two experimental designs. First, we implemented continual changes in salinity levels to assess the corresponding variations in δ18O values in the blood water of Japanese eels under controlled laboratory conditions. Second, field (river and estuary) studies were conducted for multiple fish species on Japan's Amami Island. Samples of fish blood water and muscle water were analysed in accordance with a general headspace protocol to estimate δ18O values; this estimation was conducted using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, which involved an equilibration method for sample preparation. In the laboratory experiment involving changes in salinity, the difference in δ18O values in fish blood water and ambient water was less than 1‰ within 2–3 days after fish were moved to a new environment. However, the difference varied with salinity and metabolism. In the field, obvious differences in δ18O values between fish blood water and environmental water were observed in the estuary area, implying that fish frequently move across salinity gradients. In the laboratory experiment and field observations, δ18O values were higher in muscle water than in blood water. Analysing δ18O values in environmental water, blood water and muscle water is useful for monitoring the behaviours of regional migratory fish, such as temporary feeding in estuaries. Our analytical method is ideal for measuring δ18O values in fish body water because it enables analysing various organic tissues by using small amounts of body fluids, facilitating the examination of the ecology of aquatic animals.

Springer, Victor G., C. Lavett Smith, and Thomas H. Fraser. Anisochromis straussi, New Species of Protogynous Hermaphroditic Fish, and Synonymy of Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology^ number 252, 15 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, 1977.—Anisochromis straussi is described from the isolated St. Brandon's Shoals in the southwestern Indian Ocean. The species exhibits two types of color patterns, which are correlated to some degree with size and sex. Histological sections of the gonads indicate that all testes have a nonfunctional cavity that represents the remnant of the ovarian lumen, and all have remnants of oocytes among the acini. The smaller specimens are female, the larger, males. Evidence is presented that the Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae form a monophyletic group. Evidence is also presented that within this group the Pseudoplesiopidae and Anisochromidae form a monophyletic group and each of these two taxa is definable based on autapomorphies. The Pseudochromidae appear to be a possibly polyphyletic primitive residue group that is not definable on the basis of autapomorphies. The lowest phylogenetic level for which there is evidence of monophyly among the fishes currently assigned to the Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae was chosen as the level for family recognition. Pseudochromidae is the oldest family-group name available for this level. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Springer, Victor Gruschka, 1928Anisochromis straussi, new species of protogynous hermaphroditic fish, and synonymy of Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology : no 252) Bibliography, p. 1. Anisochromis straussi. 2. Pseudochromidae 3. Hermaphroditism. 4. Fishes—Mauritius— Cargados C'.arajos Shoals. I. Smith, C. Lavett, 1927, joint author. II. Fraser, Thomas H., joint author. III. Title: Anisochromis straussi. new species of protogynous hermaphroditic fish. . . IV. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 252. QL1.S54 no. 252 [QL638.P84] 591.'08s [597/58J 77-608069

<p>Substantial changes in the hydroecosystem of the Zaporizke reservoir have led to a significant transformation of aquatic<br />biocoenoses. As a result, number of some aboriginal fish species have decreased. The regulation of the Dnipro river has<br />contributed to the spread of new species of fish. Over the past 30 years, the ichthyofauna of the reservoir has gained about 20<br />species of fish that acclimatized and expanded their range. The article presents the results of ichthyological research of 2010-<br />2016. The article determines main causes of the spread of new species of fish, and gives the results of complex monitoring<br />studies on the number and biomass of young alien fish species of the Zaporizke reservoir. It was found that the most numerous<br />first summer individuals of alien fish species are big-scale sand smelt Atherina pontica (Eichwald, 1831), Prussian carp Carassius<br />gibelio (Bloch, 1782), topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846), black-striped pipefish (Syngnathus<br />abaster Risso, 1826) and pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758).</p>

Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of fossil tooth enamel using laser ablation

ABSTRACTEarly diagenesis of the Upper Cretaceous (late Coniacian to early Santonian) Marshybank Formation was controlled by depositional environment (composition of depositional water, Fe and organic content of the sediment, sedimentation rate, proximity to the shoreline) and influx of meteoric water related to relative sea‐level fall.Five depositional environments, each characterized by a distinct early diagenetic mineral assemblage, have been recognized. Offshore shelf sediments that were deposited in a dysaerobic environment are characterized by abundant framboidal pyrite and rare septarian concretions, composed of ‘early’ calcite and siderite. Intense sulphate reduction, promoted by the dysaerobic depositional water, was the primary influence on early diagenesis. Offshore shelf sediments deposited under aerobic conditions are characterized by abundant concretions, composed of two generations of siderite (S1 and S2). In this environment, methanogenesis, rather than sulphate reduction, was more important. Early diagenesis of the inner shelf sands was generally limited. However, in sands deposited proximal to the shoreline, mixing of marine and meteoric waters promoted crystallization of Fe‐rich chlorite and siderite. The shoreface was characterized by dissolution of detrital minerals in the upper portion, and precipitation of kaolinite or illite/smectite in the lower portion. In the coastal plain environment, brackish water and early reducing conditions resulted in formation of abundant euhedral pyrite. Ankerite, rather than siderite, is the typical early diagenetic carbonate.The δ18O values of the earliest cements (i.e. ‘early’ calcite, siderite S1, inner shelf siderite) indicate crystallization from a low‐18O, marine‐derived porewater. Assuming crystallization at 25°C, a δ18O value of about −7‰ (SMOW) can be estimated for the seaway during Marshybank Formation time. Similar calculations for the overlying Dowling Member (Puskwaskau Formation) suggest that the δ18O value of the seaway increased to about −4% (SMOW), consistent with its transgressive nature. Very low δ18O values are exhibited by siderite S2. These results indicate crystallization during intermediate diagenesis (≥60°C) from meteoric water (≥− 15‰ SMOW) that entered the Marshybank Formation during sea‐level lowstand.

(1874). XXXII.—Notice of some new species of fishes from Morocco. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 13, No. 75, pp. 230-232.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of LondonVolume 55, Issue 3 p. 550-551 8. Descriptions of two new Species of Fishes from Mauritius. Dr. A. Günther V.P.Z.S., Dr. A. Günther V.P.Z.S.Search for more papers by this author Dr. A. Günther V.P.Z.S., Dr. A. Günther V.P.Z.S.Search for more papers by this author First published: May 1887 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1887.tb03016.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume55, Issue3May 1887Pages 550-551 RelatedInformation

Abstract:Bosten Lake is a mid‐latitude lake with water mainly supplied by melting ice and snow in the Tianshan Mountains. The depositional environment of the lake is spatially not uniform due to the proximity of the major inlet and the single outlet in the western part of the lake. The analytical results show that the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of recent lake sediments is related to this specific lacustrine depositional environment and to the resulting carbonate mineralogy. In the southwestern lake region between the Kaidu River inlet and the Kongqi River outlet, carbon isotope composition (δ13C) values of the carbonate sediment (−1‰ to −2‰) have no relation to the oxygen isotope composition of the carbonate (δ18O) values (−7‰ to –8‰), with both isotopes showing a low variability. The carbonate content is low (<20%). Carbonate minerals analyzed by X‐ray diffraction are mainly composed of calcite, while aragonite was not recorded. The salinity of the lake water is low in the estuary region as a result of the Kaidu River inflow. In comparison, the carbon and oxygen isotope values are higher in the middle and eastern parts of the lake, with δ13C values between approximately +0.5‰ and +3‰, and δ18O values between −1‰ and −5‰. There is a moderate correlation between the stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, with a coefficient of correlation r of approximately 0.63. This implies that the lake water has a relatively short residence time. Carbonate minerals constitute calcite and aragonite in the middle and eastern region of the lake. Aragonite and Mg–calcite are formed at higher lake water salinity and temperatures, and larger evaporation effects. More saline lake water in the middle and eastern region of the lake and the enhanced isotopic equilibrium between water and atmospheric CO2 cause the correlating carbon and oxygen isotope values determined for aragonite and Mg–calcite. Evaporation and biological processes are the main reasons for the salinity and carbonate mineralogy influence of the surface‐sediment carbonate in Bosten Lake. The lake water residence time and the CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the water body control the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of the carbonate sediment. In addition, organic matter pollution and decomposition result in the abnormally low carbon isotope values of the lake surface‐sediment carbonate.

The purpose of this review article is to describe changes in the ichthyofauna of the Aral Sea in the 20th and 21st centuries and comparison of the structure of fish catches in the Aral Sea of the 20th century with those in the Small Aral of the 21st century, as well as a generalization of data on the biology of fish species anew introduced into the Small Aral. In the first half of the 20th century, 20 species lived in the sea, of which cyprinids predominated. After a series of acclimatization measures were carried out in order to enrich the ichthyofauna, 17 new species of fish appeared in the Aral Sea, but the composition of commercial species changed a little. Until 1960, the Aral Sea was in a quasi-stable state. The regression of the Aral Sea began in 1961 and led to the extinction of most species in the ichthyofauna. At the time of the division of the Aral Sea into two reservoirs, only seven species of fish remained in both of them, of which only one species was native. The Small Aral, after dividing the former reservoir into two parts, stabilized its borders. The stabilization of the level of the Small Aral and its freshening led to the return of freshwater fish to the sea. This process had a favorable effect on the size of catches. Currently, the catch volume is about 8000 tons. The future of the ichthyofauna and fish catches depends on what project for the reconstruction of the Small Aral will be chosen. If the option of a singlelevel reservoir will be chosen, the prospects for the fishing industry in the Aral Sea will be more favorable than if the option of a two-level reservoir will be chosen.

Arabibarbus hadhrami, a new species of cyprinid fish from the Hadhramaut Province of Yemen, is described. It has modally 30 scales (29–32) in the lateral line, the wedge-shaped head is longer (27.8–32.5 % SL) and higher (15.5–18.4 % SL) than in its congeners. The body is slender and laterally flattened. The dorsal fin is high (26.5–32.4 % SL) and well ossified. The pectoral fins (19.9–23.9 % SL) and pelvic fins (16.8–19.8 % SL) are longer than in its congeners. Two closely related species, Arabibarbus arabicus and Arabibarbus grypus are re-described and compared to the new species. Based on morphological and molecular characters the new genus Arabibarbus is erected for these three species. It is characterised by medium to large body size, an ossified, smooth principal dorsal fin ray, eight branched dorsal and five branched anal fin rays, large shield-shaped scales with numerous parallel radii, a lateral line with 29 to 44 scales, pharyngeal teeth that are hooked at their tips, their count being 2.3.5–5.3.2 and the possession of two pairs of barbels. Arabibarbus hadhrami is the type species of the new genus. The phylogenetic position of the new genus is analysed, based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. It is the sister taxon to the genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 and closely related to Mesopotamichthys Karaman, 1971, Pterocapoeta Gunther, 1902 and ‘Barbus’ reinii Gunther, 1874. Arabibarbus probably colonised the Arabian Peninsula about 4 Ma ago, coming from the Tigris-Euphrates drainage in the East via Wādī ar Rimah/Wādī al Bāţin.

GINSBURG, I. 1951. The eels of the northern Gulf coast of the United States and some related species. Tex. J. Sci. 3:431-485. GOODE, G., AND T. BEAN. 1880. Catalogue of a collection of fishes obtained in the Gulf of Mexico by Dr. J. W. Velie with descriptions of seven new species. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 2:333-345. , AND . 1882. Description of twenty-five new species of fish from the southern United States, and three new genera, Letharchus, Ioglossus and Chriodorus. Ibid. 5:412-437.