Abstract
Macrostemum is the second largest genus of Macronematinae with about 104 described species distributed in the Neotropical (18), Afrotropical (20), Australasian (7), Palearctic (2), Nearctic (3) and Oriental (54) regions. Despite its great diversity, knowledge about its immature stages is scarce: worldwide, only 7 species (6.7%) have larvae and/or pupae described. From the Neotropics, only one species, Macrostemum ulmeri (Banks, 1913), has described larvae and pupae. The objectives of this study are to describe and illustrate a new species, Macrostemum araca sp. nov., based on adult males and females from Serra do Aracá, Amazonas, Brazil, and the larvae and pupae of M. brasiliense (Fischer, 1970) from an Atlantic Forest fragment in São Paulo state using the metamorphotype method. In addition, this species is recorded for the first time for Minas Gerais state.
Highlights
Macrostemum Kolenati, 1859 is a typical Macronematinae genus recorded in all biogeographical regions except Antarctica
In this study we describe and illustrate a new species of Macrostemum based on adult males and females from Serra do Aracá, Amazonas state, Brazil
Macrostemum araca sp. nov. male is similar to M. braueri and M. surinamense males by having phallus apex with long posterolateral and acuminate prominence, but it can be distinguished from these species by the shape and number of setae on tergite IX with 20 long dorsal setae and 9 lateral setae, while M. braueri has 7 long dorsal setae and 7 lateral setae and M. surinamense has 15 long dorsal setae and 8 lateral setae
Summary
Macrostemum Kolenati, 1859 is a typical Macronematinae genus recorded in all biogeographical regions except Antarctica. The Oriental region is the most diverse, with about 54 species, followed by Afrotropical (20 species), Neotropical (18 species), and Australian (7 species) regions, while in the entire Holarctic region only 5 species have been recorded. Macrostemum, with more than 100 species, is one of the largest genera of Macronematinae, being only surpassed by Leptonema Guérin-Méneville, 1843, which has about 150 species (Morse 2019). Adults are recognized by the color pattern of their wings, with membrane strongly marked with contrasting dark and light colors. As the species have very similar genital structures, the color pattern is important for species identification. Larvae build small tubes of sand in which they weave complex retreat nets to capture very fine particles from the water flow (Holzenthal & Calor 2017)
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