Abstract

A new species, Gastrodia longitubularis Q.‐W. Meng, X.‐Q. Song & Y.‐B. Luo from Hainan Island, southern China is described and illustrated. This is the first species of Gastrodia recorded from Hainan Island. Diagnostic characters, description, detailed illustration and taxonomic comments are given. This species is closely related to G. gracilis, which is characterized by tuberous rhizome with flesh roots, lax inflorescence and nearly united perianth tube. Gastrodia longitubularis distinctly differs from G. gracilis by having slender, glabrous, long perianth tube, horizontal or slightly downward bending flowers. The habitat was investigated in detail and its conservation status was assessed as a critically endangered EN (B2a, C2a) according to the IUCN threatened category criteria based on data from five years’ observations.

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