A new, simple method for quantifying gemcitabine triphosphate in cancer cells using isocratic high‐performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

A deoxycytidine analog, gemcitabine (dFdC), is effective for treating solid tumors and hematological malignancies. After being transported into cancer cells, dFdC is phosphorylated to dFdC triphosphate (dFdCTP), which is subsequently incorporated into the DNA strand, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. Intracellular dFdCTP is the critical determinant for dFdC cytotoxicity, so therapeutic drug monitoring or in vitro testing of the capability of cancer cells to accumulate dFdCTP may be informative for optimizing dFdC administration. We have developed a new isocratic-elution high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying dFdCTP in cancer cells. Samples (500 microL) were eluted isocratically using 0.06 M Na(2)HPO(4) (pH 6.9) containing 20% acetonitrile, at a constant flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and at ambient temperature. Separation was carried out using an anion-exchange column (TSK gel DEAE-2SW; 250 mm x 4.6 mm inside diameter, particle size 5 microL) and monitored at 254 nm. The standard curve was linear with low within-day and interday variability. The lower detection limit (20 pmol) was as sensitive as that of the previous gradient-elution method. dFdCTP was well separated from other nucleoside triphosphates. The method could measure dFdCTP in cultured or primary leukemic cells treated in vitro with dFdC. The method was also applicable to simultaneous determination of dFdCTP and cytarabine triphosphate, the results of which demonstrated ara-CTP production augmented by dFdC pretreatment. Thus, our isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography assay method will be of great use because of its sensitivity and simplicity as well as its applicability to biological materials.