Abstract
With the increasing demand for ultrapure water in the pharmaceutical and semiconductor industry, the need for precise measuring instruments for those applications is also growing. One critical parameter of water quality is the amount of total organic carbon (TOC). This work presents a system that uses the advantage of the increased oxidation power achieved with UV/O3 advanced oxidation process (AOP) for TOC measurement in combination with a significant miniaturization compared to the state of the art. The miniaturization is achieved by using polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis cells for ozone generation in combination with UV-LEDs for irradiation of the measuring solution, as both components are significantly smaller than standard equipment. Conductivity measurement after oxidation is the measuring principle and measurements were carried out in the TOC range between 10 and 1000 ppb TOC. The suitability of the system for TOC measurement is demonstrated using the oxidation by ozonation combined with UV irradiation of defined concentrations of isopropyl alcohol (IPA).
Highlights
Academic Editor: SergiThe quality of ultrapure water is of particular importance in the pharmaceutical and semiconductor industry
Conventional methods for total organic carbon (TOC) measurements are based on thermal combustion of carbonaceous substances or on UV oxidation [14,15]
In summary,the thenewly newlydeveloped developedsystem system offers three main advantages: it does require the addition of chemicals—ozone, which is used for oxidation, is generated in situ, not require the addition of chemicals—ozone, which is used for oxidation, is generated in and decomposes withoutwithout leaving leaving residues;residues; (ii) using (ii)
Summary
The quality of ultrapure water is of particular importance in the pharmaceutical and semiconductor industry. Contamination of any kind leads to considerable loss in the quality of the manufactured products in semiconductor industry, and impurities in water for injections would have a direct impact on human health [1,2]. For this reason, water quality is of utmost importance and requires monitoring. An important parameter for the quality of ultrapure water is the total organic carbon (TOC). TOC is defined as the carbon content of dissolved (DOC) and non-dissolved (NDOC)
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