A New Set of Tools for the Generation of InSAR Visibility Maps over Wide Areas

Matteo Del Soldato,Federico Raspini,Lorenzo Solari,Oriol Monserrat,Alessandro Novellino

doi:10.3390/geosciences11060229

Abstract

Multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MTInSAR) is a solid and reliable technique used to measure ground motion in many different environments. Today, the scientific community and a wide variety of users and stakeholders consider MTInSAR a precise tool for ground motion-related applications. The standard product of a MTInSAR analysis is a deformation map containing a high number of point-like measurement points (MP) which carry information on ground motion. The density of MPs is uneven, and they cannot be extracted continuously at large scale due to geometrical distortions and unfavourable landcover. It is a good practice to assess the feasibility of the interferometric analysis ahead of data processing. This technical note proposes a ready-to-use set of tools aimed at updating existing methods for modelling the effects of local topography and land cover on MTInSAR approaches. The goal of the tools is to provide InSAR experts and non-experts with a fast and automatic way to derive visibility maps, useful for pre-processing screening of a target area, and to forecast the expected density of MP over a specified area. Moreover, the visibility maps are a valid support for users to better understand the available standard and advanced interferometric results. Two workflows are proposed: the first generates the so-called Rindex map (Ri_m) to estimate the influence of topography on MP detection, the second is used to derive a land cover-calibrated Ri_m seen as a probabilistic model for MP detection (MPD_m). The proposed set of tools was applied in the context of the Alpine arc, whose climatic, morphological, and land cover characteristics represent a challenging environment for any interferometric approach.

Highlights

Over the last two decades Multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MTInSAR) has been successfully applied in many environments and for different applications, ranging from the mapping of geohazards over wide areas to monitor single infrastructures [1,2,3,4]
The proposed set of tools was applied in the context of the Alpine arc, whose climatic, morphological, and land cover characteristics represent a challenging environment for any interferometric approach
In the Rindex map (Ri_m), flat areas were masked out since they can be reasonably assumed unaffected by geometric distortions related to the radar sidelooking viewing geometry and local topography

Summary

Introduction

Over the last two decades Multi-temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MTInSAR) has been successfully applied in many environments and for different applications, ranging from the mapping of geohazards over wide areas to monitor single infrastructures [1,2,3,4]. The data volume offered by Sentinel-1, together with the consolidation of processing algorithms and the increasing computational capacity of processing units paved the way for the design and set up of nationwide Ground Motion Services (GMS) [12,13,14,15,16,17,18] and satellite-based operational monitoring services [19,20,21,22] These technical advancements and processing experiences led to the definition and current implementation of a breakthrough in the MTInSAR sector: the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS, [23]). The EGMS, funded by the European Commission under the responsibility of the European Environment Agency (EEA) will provide standardized, harmonized, free, and open MTInSAR products covering the Copernicus Participating States [24]

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Results

Discussion

Conclusion