Abstract
Attempts to delimit South American Cornuts species and place them into supraspecific taxa have resulted in considerable confusion. Morphological analyses support the recognition of a single species, Cornus peruviana. Two new locations for C. permviana are reported from Costa Rica, 1,000 km WNW of the closest populations in Colombia, the first report for C. permviana in Central America. Contrary to previous reports, trichome structure and distribution on the abaxial leaf surface does not change in a gradient from northern to southern populations. A diploid chromosome number, 2n = 22, is reported for the first time in the species. Based upon leaf and branch orientation, chromosome number, endocarp architecture, and inflores- cence structure, C. peruviana appears to be intermediate between the traditionally recognized subgenera Kraniopsis and Mesomora. Based upon this reinterpretation of relationships, C. permviana is placed in a new section, Umbellicrania, subgenera Kraniopsis and Mesomora are recognized as sections Thelycrania and Bothrocaryum, respectively, and all three sections are placed within the subgenus Kraniopsis.
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