Abstract
ABSTRACTArtificial bone graft materials formed from wollastonite have been extensively used in bone repair because of their high degree of bioactivity and biocompatibility, thereby justifying the development of a protocol for large-scale production. This work reports a novel route for preparing wollastonite via the sol-gel process using bentonite clay as a cheap silica source. The obtained wollastonite was characterized for morphology, elemental composition, phase composition and bioactivity using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results obtained revealed that wollastonite phase was successfully formed in the material and it showed ability to induce formation of apatite within 0.5 day in biological fluid, an indicator for bone-bonding capability. Overall, the wollastonite prepared from the bentonite clay exhibited properties comparable to that synthesized from commercially obtained sodium metasilicate. Hence, our synthetic route may be useful for commercial-scale preparation of wollastonite.
Highlights
Over the past two decades, artificial bone implant materials formed from wollastonite (CaSiO3) have been extensively applied in the field of orthopedics as graft substitutes to treat bone defects [1,2,3,4,5]
The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra confirm the elemental composition of wollastonite in both samples and validate the possibility of forming wollastonite from bentonite clay
Bioactive wollastonite glass samples were prepared from commercial sodium metasilicate and bentonite clay
Summary
Over the past two decades, artificial bone implant materials formed from wollastonite (CaSiO3) have been extensively applied in the field of orthopedics as graft substitutes to treat bone defects [1,2,3,4,5]. CaSiO3-based glasses induced the formation of apatite when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF), at a rate higher than other bioglass and glass-ceramics [9,10]. Formation of apatite is considered essential for synthetic grafts to bond to their hosts in vivo [11,12]. The high degree of bioactivity of silicate-based glasses, generally, has been attributed to the release of critical concentrations of soluble silica and calcium ions when degrading in biological fluids [13]. Bioactivity is determined by the composition and by other factors, such as the size and shape of the material, as well as the preparation method
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