Abstract
The recent few years have seen renewable energy becoming immensely popular. Renewable energy generation capacity has risen in both standalone and grid-connected systems. The chief reason is the ability to produce clean energy, which is both environmentally friendly and cost effective. This paper presents a new control algorithm along with a flexible energy management system to minimize the cost of operating a hybrid microgrid. The microgrid comprises fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, super capacitors, and other energy storage systems. There are three stages in the control system: an energy management system, supervisory control, and local control. The energy management system allows the control system to create an optimal day-ahead power flow schedule between the hybrid microgrid components, loads, batteries, and the electrical grid by using inputs from economic analysis. The discrepancy between the scheduled power and the real power delivered by the hybrid microgrid is adjusted for by the supervisory control stage. Additionally, this paper provides a design for the local control system to manage local power, DC voltage, and current in the hybrid microgrid. The operation strategy of energy storage systems is proposed to solve the power changes from photovoltaics and houses load fluctuations locally, instead of reflecting those disturbances to the utility grid. Furthermore, the energy storage systems energy management scheme will help to achieve the peak reduction of the houses’ daily electrical load demand. Also, the control of the studied hybrid microgrid is designed as a method to improve hybrid microgrid resilience and incorporate renewable power generation and storage into the grid. The simulation results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the introduced strategy and the capability of proposed controller for a hybrid microgrid operating in different modes. The results showed that (1) energy management and energy interchange were effective and contributed to cost reductions, CO2 mitigation, and reduction of primary energy consumption, and (2) the newly developed energy management system proved to provide more robust and high performance control than conventional energy management systems. Also, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust model for microgrid energy management.
Highlights
During the previous decade, distributed energy systems have assumed supreme importance in the electrical power infrastructure because they lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and produce quality power with increased efficiency and service reliability
The regulatory control was included in the control model to correct any variation among the primary grid power and the intended reference power by altering the reference fixed power of the battery provided by this energy management system
This study put forward a full local regulatory design for the recommended system
Summary
During the previous decade, distributed energy systems have assumed supreme importance in the electrical power infrastructure because they lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and produce quality power with increased efficiency and service reliability. To accomplish an adequately set up distributed energy ecosystem, there is a necessity to convert the power system into smaller distributed-energy systems [1]. These distributed systems may incorporate several power sources like photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, or fuel cells. These fuel-cell-based energy sources are essential since power generation based on such a system may be set up near or at the consumer premises. Recent research [2] indicates that such resources help decrease household emissions, operating costs, and primary energy required to produce electricity [3]
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